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Index

Index

Africa, West and Central –

agents: hazardous and noxious substances: liability and compensation (1996 Convention) , ; oil pollution damage, civil liability for (CLC 1992) , , ,

air pollution from ships: MARPOL /78 ,

air-cushion vehicles ,

air-cushioned craft

arbitration: intervention on high seas (1969 Convention and 1973 Protocol) –; wrecks, removal of (2007 Convention) ,

Asia/Pacific Region

audit, waste prevention

Australia , , , –

ballast tank, corrosion prevention of seawater

ballast water and sediments (2004 Convention) , ; achieving purpose, manner of –; burden of proof ; ‘harmful aquatic organisms and pathogens’ ; implementation –; inspection ; MARPOL /78 and ; recourse, right of ; scope of application –; ‘sediments’ ,

Baltic Sea area

bank guarantee , , , –,

bareboat charter registration

bareboat charterer: civil liability for bunker oil pollution damage (2001 Convention) , –, ; civil liability for oil pollution damage (CLC 1992) , ; hazardous and noxious substances: liability and compensation (1996 Convention)

Belgium –,

black, grey and white list

Black Sea area ,

bulk carriers

bunker oil and HNS Convention 1996

bunker oil pollution damage, civil liability for (2001 Convention) , ; basis of liability ; burden of proof ; enforcement of judgments –; exclusions from liability ; geographical scope ; insurance or

other financial security , , –; international validity of certificate ; jurisdiction ; language of certificate ; limitation of liability , –; ‘oil’ –; parties to ; person(s) liable –; recognition of judgments –; scope of application –; ‘ship’ , , ; ‘shipowner’ –; supersession clause ; time limits , –; time for suit –; wrecks, removal of (2007 Convention) , ,

bunker oil pollution damage and CLC 1992

burden of proof: ballast water and sediments (2004 Convention) ; bunker oil pollution damage, civil liability for (2001 Convention) ; dumping of wastes (1972 Convention as amended by 1996 Protocol) ; Fund Convention 1992 , –, ; HNS Convention 1996 –, ; intervention on high seas , ; MARPOL /78 ; oil pollution damage, civil liability for (CLC 1992) , , , –, , , ; wrecks, removal of (2007 Convention)

Cameroon

Canada –, ; civil liability for oil pollution , , , –; intervention on high seas –, , , , , , –

Caribbean

certificates: insurance or other financial security: Bunker Oil Convention 2001 –; insurance or other financial security: CLC 1992 –, –; insurance or other financial security: HNS Convention 1996 –, ; insurance or other financial security: wrecks (2007 Convention) , ; MARPOL /78 , –, , ; SOLAS Convention 1974

charts, nautical

chemical tankers , –

civil law countries , ,

classification societies

Coastguard vessels

common law countries ,

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compensation: bunker oil pollution damage, civil liability for (2001 Convention) see separate entry; hazardous and noxious substances: liability and compensation (1996 Convention) see separate entry; intervention on high seas (1969 Convention and 1973 Protocol): for damage caused by measures taken –; oil pollution damage, civil liability for (CLC 1992) see separate entry; oil pollution damage and Fund Convention see separate entry; port state control: European Directive 2009/16/EC

conciliation: intervention on high seas (1969 Convention and 1973 Protocol) –; wrecks, removal of (2007 Convention)

construction and equipment of ships: SOLAS Convention 1974 – dangerous goods

consultation: dumping of wastes (1972 Convention as amended by 1996 Protocol) ; intervention on high seas (1969 Convention and 1973 Protocol) –, , , ; removal of wrecks (2007 Convention) , , ,

Cook Islands

crew: HNS Convention 1996 , ; intervention on high seas (1969 Convention and 1973 Protocol) ; oil pollution damage, civil liability for (CLC 1992) –, ; standards of training, certification and watchkeeping for seafarers (1978 Convention) see separate entry

criminal law: MARPOL /78

Cyprus

dangerous goods: European Traffic Monitoring and Information System Directive –; SOLAS Convention 1974

dangerous or polluting goods: traffic monitoring and information system (Directive 2002/59/ EC) –; see also hazardous and noxious substances

data recorder system ,

Denmark –,

deregistration

detention of ships: MARPOL /78 , ; port state control: European Directive 2009/16/EC ; port state control: Paris MoU

dispute settlement: intervention on high seas (1969 Convention and 1973 Protocol) –; removal of wrecks (2007 Convention) , –

dumping of wastes (1972 Convention as amended by 1996 Protocol) –; activities regulated –, ; annual reports , –; ashore, disposal from ; ‘dumping’ , ; human health ; human life, safety of , ; implementation –; incineration , ; MARPOL /78 and , ; monitor condition of seas , ; obligations of contracting parties –; parties to ; permits –, , –; polluter bears cost , ; precautionary approach , ; purpose -–; records , ;

reports to IMO , –; scope of application –, ; sovereign immunity ; ‘vessels and aircraft’ –; ‘wastes or other matters’ ,

ejusdem generis rule ,

employees: hazardous and noxious substances: liability and compensation (1996 Convention) , ; oil pollution damage, civil liability for (CLC 1992) , ,

enforcement of judgments: Bunker Oil Convention 2001 –; CLC 1992 ; HNS Convention 1996 –

estuaries , ,

European Union: port state control , –; salvage –; traffic monitoring and information system –

exclusive economic zone , , , –, , , , , , , –,

experts: intervention on high seas and optional advice

Finland ,

fire: SOLAS Convention 1974

fisheries ,

fishing vessels ,

fleet/naval auxiliaries , , , , , , ,

floating craft , , ,

France , , , , –,

garbage from ships: MARPOL /78 ,

Germany , –,

government owned or operated ships used for non-commercial purposes , , –, , , , , –,

Greece

grey, black and white list

guarantee, bank , , , –,

Guatemala

Gulf Region

harmful aquatic organisms and pathogens

hazard to navigation: removal of wrecks (2007 Convention) , –

hazardous and non-hazardous deficiencies: port state control –,

hazardous and noxious substances: 1996 Convention see hazardous and noxious substances: liability and compensation; intervention on high seas: other substances (1973 Protocol) –; MARPOL /78 , ; Protocol of 2000 to 1990 OPRC Convention –; SOLAS Convention 1974 ; see also dangerous or polluting goods

hazardous and noxious substances: liability and compensation (1996 Convention) , –; amendment of limits –; area in which the damage caused –; basis of liability –; burden of proof –, ; channelling of liability ; ‘damage’ ; enforcement of judgments –; entry into force –;

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exclusions from scope of application –; final clauses –; history –; insurance of owner , –; International HNS Fund –, –; international validity of certificate –; jurisdiction –; language of certificate ; liability of owner –; limit, loss of right to ; limitation of actions –; limitation fund –; limitation of liability of owner –, –; nature of the damage -–; ‘owner’ ; recognition of judgments –; scope of application –; ‘ship’ ; signatures ; structure of ; submission of data on total quantities of contributing cargo –; subrogation, right of , –; substances causing the damage –; supersession clause , ; termination ; time limits , –, , ; transitional provisions ; withdrawal of the consent to be bound ; wrecks, removal of (2007 Convention)

hazardous ships, monitoring of (Directive 2002/59/EC) –

high seas: hazardous and noxious substances: liability and compensation (1996 Convention) ; jurisdiction (1958 Convention) , ; oil pollution casualties: intervention on high seas (1969 Convention) see separate entry; other substances: intervention on (1973 Protocol) –

history: civil liability for oil pollution damage (CLC 1992) –; Fund Convention –; HNS Convention 1996 –; oil pollution casualties: intervention on high seas (1969 Convention) -–; other substances: intervention on high seas (1973 Protocol) –

hospital ships

hydrofoil boats ,

immunity, sovereign , , ,

incineration see dumping of wastes (1972 Convention as amended by 1996 Protocol)

Indonesia

information: dangerous goods, transport of (Directive 2002/59/EC) ; port state control: information system on inspections (Paris MoU) –; to coastal states on hazardous ships (Directive 2002/59/EC) –

inspection of ships: ballast water and sediments (2004 Convention) ; MARPOL /78 –, ; port state control: European Directive 2009/16/EC –; port state control: Paris MoU , –

insurance or other financial security ; bunker oil pollution damage, civil liability for (2001 Convention) , , –; hazardous and noxious substances: liability and compensation (1996 Convention) , –; oil pollution damage, civil liability for (CLC 1992) , , , –; wrecks, removal of (2007 Convention) , , , , –,

insurance or other financial security (CLC 1992) , , –; conditions of issue and validity of certificate ; direct action against insurer or guarantor –; evidence –; international validity of certificate ; language of certificate ; nature and amount of security required ; oil, definition of ; party who is bound to insure –; period of validity of certificate –; ships owned by contracting State –; sum insured or secured

interest , , ,

International Chamber of Shipping

International Fund –; administration of –; amount of compensation available -–; burden of proof , –, ; contributions to –; cooperation of contracting States ; currency in which contributions must be paid ; distribution where claims in excess of compensation payable ; due date for contributions ; establishment of ; extinction of right to compensation –; intervene in proceedings, right to –; invoices ; jurisdiction -–; organisation of –; owner has not constituted a fund and payment from ; rules on payment of compensation –; scope of application ; time limits –, , ; when compensation not due from –; when judgment or settlement not binding on

International Group of P&I Clubs ,

International HNS Fund –; amount of compensation payable by –; budget ; conditions required for the payment by ; contributions –; establishment ; judgments against ; jurisdiction –; when payment of compensation is not due

International Labour Organization (ILO)

International Monetary Fund (IMF) , –

intervention on high seas: oil pollution casualties: intervention on high seas (1969 Convention) see separate entry; other substances (1973 Protocol) –

Ireland , ,

Italy ,

Japan ,

joint and several liability , –

jurisdiction: bunker oil pollution damage, civil liability for (2001 Convention) ; Fund Convention 1992 -–; high seas, vessels sailing on , ; HNS Convention 1996 –; oil pollution damage, civil liability for (CLC 1992) , , –

Latin America Region

Liberia

liquefied gas tankers , –

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Malta ,

MARPOL /78: prevention of pollution from ships –, , , ; detention of ships , ; ‘discharge’ ; general obligations of State parties –; general scope of application –, ; ‘harmful substance’ ; inspection of ships –, ; main purpose –; national law ; ‘ship’ ; summary of annexes –

mediation: removal of wrecks (2007 Convention)

Mediterranean Sea area ,

Monaco

monitoring: condition of seas: dumping of wastes (1972 Convention as amended by 1996 Protocol) , ; hazardous goods (Directive 2002/59/EC) –

national law: ballast water and sediments (2004 Convention) ; dumping of wastes (1972 Convention as amended by 1996 Protocol) , ; Fund Convention 1992 , , ; hazardous and noxious substances: liability and compensation (1996 Convention) ; MARPOL /78 ; oil pollution damage, civil liability for (CLC 1992) , , ; wrecks, removal of (2007 Convention) , ,

nautical charts

naval/fleet auxiliaries , , , , , , ,

Netherlands , , –, ; civil liability for oil pollution –, , ,

New Zealand

non-persistent oil ,

Norway , , , , –, –,

notification: Bunker Oil Convention 2001 ; dangerous polluting goods carried on board (Directive 2002/59/EC) ; Fund Convention 1992 , ; hazardous and noxious substances: liability and compensation (1996 Convention) ; intervention on high seas (1969 Convention and 1973 Protocol) –, –, ; port state control: Paris MoU , ; wrecks, removal of (2007 Convention) , , ,

nuclear damage ; see also radioactive material

offshore units ,

oil pollution and MARPOL /78 , , –

oil pollution casualties: intervention on high seas (1969 Convention) ; arbitration –; ‘coastline’ –; compensation for damage caused by measures taken –; conciliation –; conditions –, ; crew ; geographic scope ; guidelines for selection of measures –; history –; human life, avoid risk to ; ‘maritime casualty’ –; obligations of State that takes measures –, –, ; ‘oil’ ; OPRC Convention 1990: possible conflict with , –; other substances (1973 Protocol) –, ; parties to ; relationship between Protocol and Convention –; scope of application –, ; ‘ship’ –; time limits , ; updating list of other substances –; voluntary discharge of oil

oil pollution damage, civil liability for (CLC 1992) , –, ; ‘agent’ ; amendment of the limits –; basis of liability –; bunker oil of dry cargo ships ; burden of proof , , , –, , , ; channelling of liability –, , , ; ‘charterer’ , ; conflict with other conventions ; ‘crew’ –; enforcement of judgments ; geographical scope –; intervention on high seas (1969 Convention) –; jurisdiction , , –; liability insurance , , , -–; limit, loss of right to –; limitation fund –, ; (distribution of) –, ; limitation of liability of owner –, –, –; ‘manager’ ; ‘oil’ , , ; ‘operator’ ; ‘owner’ –; person liable –; ‘pollution damage’ –; reasonability concept ; recognition of judgments ; scope of application –; ‘servant’ ; ‘ship’ –; strict but not absolute liability ; subrogation rights ; supersession clause ; time limits , –; wrecks, removal of (2007 Convention) ,

oil pollution damage and Fund Convention , , –, ; bunker oil of dry cargo ships ; International Fund see separate entry; Supplementary Fund , –

oil pollution preparedness, response and cooperation (1990 OPRC Convention) , ; comparison of 2000 Protocol with –; geographic scope ; hazardous and noxious substances: 2000 Protocol –; parties to , ; possible conflict between Intervention Convention and , –; scope of application –, ; ‘ship’

oil tankers , , –,

P&I Clubs ,

passenger ships , –

permits: dumping of wastes (1972 Convention as amended by 1996 Protocol) –, , –

Poland

polluter bears cost ,

port state control: European Directive 2009/16/ EC; classification of ships ; compensation ; detention of ships ; inspections –; origin and purpose –; refusal of access –; ‘ship’ ; ships to which it applies ; time limits

port state control: Paris MoU –, , ; black, grey and white list ; classification of ships ; criteria for adherence to –; detention of ships ; duties and powers of port authorities –; information system –; inspections , –; organisational structure ; refusal of access , ; ships to which it applies ; signatories of ; time limits , ,

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port state control agreements –; port state control: European Directive 2009/16/EC see separate entry; port state control: Paris MoU see separate entry

precautionary approach: dumping of wastes (1972 Convention as amended by 1996 Protocol) ,

proportionality: intervention on high seas (1969 Convention and 1973 Protocol) , –; removal of wrecks (2007 Convention)

radioactive material –, –

records: ballast water and sediments (2004 Convention) ; dumping of wastes (1972 Convention as amended by 1996 Protocol) ,

registration of ships , , ; bareboat charter registration ; Flag and State of

reporting: dumping of wastes (1972 Convention as amended by 1996 Protocol) , –; Fund Convention 1992: contributions –; incidents and accidents at sea (Directive 2002/59/EC) ; removal of wrecks (2007 Convention)

Romania

Russian Federation ; see also Soviet Union

safety of life at sea (1974 SOLAS Convention) –, , ,

salvage ; EU: ships in need of assistance –; hazardous and noxious substances: liability and compensation (1996 Convention) ; oil pollution, civil liability for (CLC 1992) ; oil, voluntary discharge of ; ‘vessel’ –; wrecks, removal of (2007 Convention) , , , –

Scandinavian delegations , ; see also Denmark; Finland; Norway; Sweden

Scotland

sewage from ships: MARPOL /78 ,

ship, meaning of: bunker oil pollution damage, civil liability for (2001 Convention) , , ; HNS Convention 1996 ; intervention on high seas (1969 Convention and 1973 Protocol) –; MARPOL /78 ; oil pollution damage, civil liability for (CLC 1992) –; oil pollution preparedness, response and cooperation (1990 OPRC Convention) ; port state control: European Directive 2009/16/ EC

ships, prevention of pollution from (MARPOL /78) –, , , ; detention of ships , ; ‘discharge’ ; general obligations of State parties –; general scope of application –, ; ‘harmful substance’ ; inspection of ships –, ; main purpose –; national law ; ‘ship’ ; summary of annexes –

slot charterer

South Africa , , –

sovereign immunity , , ,

sovereignty, State

Soviet Union: civil liability for oil pollution , , ; intervention on high seas , ; see also Russian Federation

Spain

Special Drawing Rights (SDRs) –,

standards of training, certification and watchkeeping for seafarers (1978 Convention) ; chemical tankers , –; emergency, occupational safety, security, medical care and survival functions –; engine department –; liquefied gas tankers –; master and deck department –; oil tankers , –; ports of State party ; special requirements –; watchkeeping

State owned or operated ships used for noncommercial purposes , , –, , , , , -–,

structure of ships: SOLAS Convention 1974 ,

submersibles ,

subrogation rights –, , –

supersession clause ,

Supplementary Fund ; contributions to –; entry into force and claims in respect of which available –; establishment of –; extinction of right to compensation ; rules governing payment by –

surveys: SOLAS Convention 1974

Sweden , , , , ,

Syria

tanker, definition of

territorial waters , ; bunker oil pollution damage, civil liability for (2001 Convention) , ; Fund Convention ; hazardous and noxious substances: liability and compensation (1996 Convention) , , –, ; oil pollution damage, civil liability for –, , ; oil pollution preparedness, response and cooperation (1990 OPRC Convention) ; wrecks , , –, –

time charterer

time limits: Bunker Oil Convention 2001 , –; Fund Convention 1992 –, , ; hazardous and noxious substances: liability and compensation (1996 Convention) , –, , ; intervention on high seas (1969 Convention and 1973 Protocol) , ; oil pollution damage, civil liability for (CLC 1992) , –; port state control: European Directive 2009/16/EC ; port state control: Paris MoU , , ; wrecks, removal of (2007 Convention) –

Torrey Canyon , ,

tourism ,

traffic monitoring and information system: European Directive 2002/59/EC –; ‘dangerous goods’ –

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training, certification and watchkeeping for seafarers, standards of (1978 Convention) ; chemical tankers , –; emergency, occupational safety, security, medical care and survival functions –; engine department –; liquefied gas tankers –; master and deck department –; oil tankers , –; ports of State party ; special requirements –; watchkeeping

Turkey

United Kingdom , ; civil liability for oil pollution , , , , , –; deregistration ; Headquarters of Fund 1992 , ; intervention on high seas , , ,

United States: civil liability for oil pollution , , , , ; intervention on high seas , ,

USSR: civil liability for oil pollution , , ; intervention on high seas , ; see also Russian federation

voyage charterer

voyage data recorder system ,

warships , , –, , , , , , , ,

wastes, dumping of (1972 Convention as amended by 1996 Protocol) –; activities regulated –, ; annual reports , –; ashore, disposal from ; ‘dumping’ , ; human health ; human life, safety of , ; implementation –; incineration , ; MARPOL /78 and , ; monitor condition of seas , ; obligations of contracting parties –; parties to ; permits –, , –; polluter bears cost , ; precautionary approach , ; purpose –; records , ; reports to IMO , –; scope of application –, ; sovereign immunity ; ‘vessels and aircraft’ –; ‘wastes or other matters’ ,

watchkeeping

West and Central Africa –

whale oil

white, grey and black list

wrecks, removal of (2007 Convention) ; coastline or related interests –; consultation , , , ; Convention area ; costs , , –; criteria for determining whether hazard –; dispute settlement , –; exceptions to liabilities: owner , –; general obligations of State to be complied with when becomes party to ; geographical scope , –; ‘hazard’ –; insurance or other financial security , , , , –, ; location ; marking –; MARPOL /78 and ; obligations and liabilities of owner –; obligations of State in whose Convention Area wreck located –; party who may determine whether wreck poses hazard ; reporting obligation , ; scope of application –; territorial sea , , –, –; time limits –; ‘wreck’ –

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