ISM Code: A practical Guide to the Legal and Insurance Implications
Index
Index
- ABS see American Bureau of Shipping
- accident pyramid –
- accidents: and human error –, ; erecting barriers –; investigation and reporting , , –; reasons of –; requirements on the Company –; requirements on the flag Administration –; root cause analysis , ; statistics –; watchkeeping-related ; see also incidents; hazardous occurrences; near-misses
- active failures –,
- actual fault or privity –, –, , , , –; see also privity
- Administrations see flag Administrations
- Advisory Committee on the Safety of Nuclear Installations (ACSNI)
- ‘agony of the moment’
- alcohol abuse –,
- Allianz –
- allisions
- alter ego –, ,
- American Bureau of Shipping (ABS) –
- appraisals –
- arbitration
- attribution ,
- auditable systems –
- audits: DOC verification –, –; external , ; IMO scheme ; internal –, , , , , –; SMC verification ,
- audit trail –
- Bahamian Merchant Shipping Act 1976
- ballasting operations
- Baltic and International Maritime Council (BIMCO) , , , , ; ISM Clause ,
- bareboat charterers , , , , ,
- bills of lading , ,
- BIMCO see Baltic and International Maritime Council
- blind-eye knowledge –
- Bourbon Dolphin
- breakdown policy
- bridge management –
- Bridge Procedures Guide , ,
- Bridge Team Management – A practical guide
- bulk carriers , , , ,
- burden of proof , , ,
- cargo , –; loss or damage to ,
- cargo ships , , , ,
- cargo underwriters ,
- carriage of goods , , –; due diligence
- Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 1936 (US)
- Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 1971 (UK)
- Carver Report
- casualties
- casualty investigations –
- Certificate of Competency (COC) , , , , , –, –; fraudulent
- certificates: medical –; registers of
- certification –, –; flag Administrations , –; fraudulent –; interim , –; MLC ; Port State Control –; Recognised Organisations –, –; Safety Management System –, ; SOLAS –, ; STCW , –; STCW Code
- charterers –
- charter hire
- charterparties , , , –
- charts , , , ,
- chemical tankers , , ,
- CICs see concentrated inspection campaigns
- civil actions
- Class Certificates
- Classification Societies –
- Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation Act 2004
- COC see Certificate of Competency
- Code of Good Management Practice in Safe Ship Operations , ,
- Code of Safe Working Practices for Merchant Seamen (COSWP) , ,
- collisions , ; and human error
- COLREG see Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea 1972
- commercial management
- Companies –; accident prevention –; ‘alter ego’ of –; auditable systems –; commitment to safety ; Company Security Officers (CSOs) ; compliance with the ISM Code –, –; culture , , –; defined , ; DOCs –; DPAs , , –, –; Drug and Alcohol Policy ; emergency preparedness , –; external audits ; implementation of corrective action ; internal safety audits –, , , , , –; maintenance of the ship and equipment –; obligations and responsibilities , –, –, , –, , ; one-ship –; plans for shipboard operations –; requirements placed upon , –; role as enforcer –; Safety and Environmental-Protection Policy , ; safety culture –, ; safety management objectives , , ; Safety Management Systems –, , –, , ; support for Masters –; threefold mantra –; verification, review and evaluation , –, –
- Company Security Officers (CSOs)
- compliance culture , –
- concentrated inspection campaigns (CICs) –
- condition surveys
- confidentiality
- container ships
- contract of carriage , , , ,
- contractual disputes
- Convention on Limitation of Liability for Maritime Claims 1976 (LLMC) , ,
- Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea 1972 (COLREG) , ,
- Cosco Busan
- Costa Concordia
- COSWP see Code of Safe Working Practices for Merchant Seamen
- crew: liability for actions of ; management –; responsibilities ; see also Designated Persons (DPs); Masters; resources and personnel
- criminal prosecutions
- critical systems
- CSC see International Convention for Safe Containers 1972
- CSOs see Company Security Officers
- culture –; company , , –; compliance –; definition –; flexible ; informed ; just –; learning ; negative ; ‘no-blame’ ; of self-regulation of safety ; positive , ; reporting ; safety , –, , , –,
- Deepwater Horizon
- default , , –, ; wilful
- defences-in-depth –
- deficiencies: detainable ; identifying and taking action , –,
- demise charters
- Designated Person Ashore (DPA) , , ; see also Designated Persons (DPs)
- Designated Persons (DPs) –; as ‘alter ego’ of Company –; experience –, , , , ; qualifications –, –, ; resources and support for , , , ; role and duties , –, ; training –, , ,
- detention rates –
- DOCs see Documents of Compliance
- Documents of Compliance (DOCs) –, –; and PSCOs –; and SMSs –; Company requirements and records –, –; forms of certificate ; interim –, ; interim verification –; issuing , , , , ; on-board copies ; requirements ; safety and pollution-prevention –; safety management audits –; validity –; withdrawal , , –
- domestic voyages
- Dona Paz –
- DPA see Designated Person Ashore
- drug abuse –,
- Drug and Alcohol Policy
- due diligence: and duty of care ; and liability ; and seaworthiness , , , –, , ; and carriage of goods ; in appointment of staff ; obligation to exercise ,
- electro-technical officers
- emergency equipment
- emergency preparedness , –
- employment, continuity of , –, ,
- EMSA see European Maritime Safety Agency
- engineering officers
- environment, protection of –, –; see also marine pollution; pollution prevention; Safety and Environmental Protection Policy
- equipment –
- Erika –,
- Estonia
- Eurasian Dream , –, –
- European Maritime Safety Agency (EMSA) ,
- evaluation, Company , –, –
- experience , ; DOCs –, , , ,
- explosions
- familiarisation –
- fatigue –
- fault see actual fault or privity
- feedback , ,
- ferries: Ro-Ro passenger , , , ; safety management , ,
- fire , ,
- fire-fighting , , , ,
- fitness for duty
- flag Administrations –; accident prevention –; certification and verification , , ; compliance with the requirements of the Code , ; definition ; detention rates –; DOCs –, , ; external audits ; Guidelines for –, , , , ; major shipping flags ; role as enforcer ; Safety Management Certificates , –, –; Safety Management Systems –; see also Recognised Organisations (ROs)
- flags of convenience (FOCs) , ,
- flexible culture
- FOCs see flags of convenience
- fraudulent certificates –
- freight
- gas carriers , , ,
- GIE see Group of Independent Experts
- GMDSS radio operators
- good faith ,
- goods: definition ; liability for loss or damage ,
- government-operated ships
- Grainville
- gross negligence
- groundings , ; and human error
- Group of Independent Experts (GIE) , , , , ,
- Guidelines on the Application of the IMO International Safety Management (ISM) Code , ,
- H&M insurance , , ,
- Hague Rules ,
- Hague–Visby Rules , , –,
- Hamburg Rules ,
- hazardous occurrences , , , –
- hazards , , –
- Health and Safety Executive (HSE) ,
- health and safety protection
- Herald of Free Enterprise –, , , ,
- high-speed craft , ,
- hours of rest –
- hours of work –
- Human Element in Shipping Casualties, The
- human error: and accidents/incidents –, ; and casualties ; and collisions ; and fires/explosions ; and groundings ; Swiss cheese model , –,
- IACS see International Association of Classification Societies
- ICS see International Chamber of Shipping
- ILO see International Labour Organization
- ILS see International Labour Standards
- IMDG Code
- IMO see International Maritime Organization
- imprisonment
- IMSBC Code
- incidents: and human error ; serious ; statistics
- incompetency –
- inefficiency ,
- informed culture
- inspections: by insurers ; by Port State Control , –, , –, ; pre-vetting ; reports of ; campaigns (CICs)
- Instructions for the Guidance of Surveyors ,
- insurers –
- INTERCARGO see International Association of Dry Cargo Shipowners
- Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization (IMCO)
- interim certification , –; DOCs –, ; SMCs –, ,
- INTERMANAGER see International Association of Shipmanagers
- International Association of Classification Societies (IACS) ; Guidelines for Auditors , , , , –, –, , , , ; Guide to Risk Assessment in Ship Operations , , ; Procedures and Guidelines –
- International Association of Dry Cargo Shipowners (INTERCARGO) ,
- International Association of Independent Tank Owners (INTERTANKO) ,
- International Association of Shipmanagers (INTERMANAGER)
- International Chamber of Shipping (ICS) , , ,
- International Convention for Safe Containers (CSC) 1972
- International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships /78 (MARPOL) , , –,
- International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea 1974 (SOLAS) , , –, , , , –
- International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers 1978 (STCW) , ; amendments , –, –; PSC inspections ; resources and personnel –, , –
- International Labour Organization (ILO) , , –; conventions –; Member States ; structure
- International Labour Standards (ILS) ,
- International Maritime Organization (IMO) –; audit scheme ; Conventions and Protocols –, –; development of ISM Code –; Facilitation Committee ; ‘Go to Sea!’ campaign –; historical reasons –; Legal Committee ; Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC) ; Maritime Safety Committee (MSC) , ; Member States ; Recognised Organisations –; safety culture –; sub-committees ; Technical Co-operation Committee
- International Safety Guide for Oil Tankers and Terminals (ISGOTT)
- International Safety Management Code (ISM Code): amendments to , , –, ; application –; background –; compliance requirements –, , –, –; developments at IMO –; effectiveness of implementation –; enforcers –; facilitators –; Guidance on the Qualifications, Training and Experience ; Guidelines for Administration –, , , , ; Guidelines for the Operational Implementation ; key players –; legislators/regulators –; mandatory compliance with –; non-compliance with , , ; personalised system ; preamble to –, , , –, ; purpose and key objectives –, ; research into implementation –; underlying principles –
- International Ship and Port Facility Security Code (ISPS Code)
- International Shipping Federation (ISF) , , , , ,
- international standard –
- International Transport Workers Federation
- International Union of Marine Insurance (IUMI) –
- international voyage
- INTERTANKO see International Association of Independent Tank Owners
- ISF see International Shipping Federation
- ISGOTT see International Safety Guide for Oil Tankers and Terminals
- ISM Code see International Safety Management Code
- ISM consultants ,
- ISPS Code see International Ship and Port Facility Security Code
- IUMI see International Union of Marine Insurance
- language , –; common
- latent conditions –
- leadership ,
- learning culture
- liability: Classification Societies acting as ROs –; development of ; fire ; limits of ; loss or damage of goods , , ; of ship managers –; of shipowners –; unseaworthiness/incompetence issues –
- Liberia
- Limitation Convention 1957 , ,
- live animals
- LLMC see Convention on Limitation of Liability for Maritime Claims 1976
- Loadline Certificates
- loss or damage : and fire ; and unseaworthiness ; exemptions from liability ; to cargos ,
- MAIB see Marine Accident Investigation Branch
- maintenance: adequate system –; cost cutting ; non-conformities within –; of the ship and equipment –, –; planned maintenance policy
- major non-conformities (MNCs) , –, , , , , –, –, –,
- management: commitment to safety , –, , ; of safety systems –; reviews ; systems –; systems approach to
- Managing the Risks of Organisational Accidents
- manning: and seaworthiness ; requirements , , ; safe –
- manning agents , ; commitment to safety ; monitoring
- Marchioness disaster
- Marine Accident Investigation Branch (MAIB) ,
- Marine and Coastguard Agency (MCA) –
- Marine Guidance Notes (MGNs)
- Marine Insurance Act 1906 , ,
- marine pollution –
- Maritime and Coastguard Agency (MCA) , ,
- maritime labour certificate ,
- Maritime Labour Convention 2006
- (MLC) , , , , ; preamble to ; resources and personnel –; working standards for seafarers –
- MARPOL see International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships /78
- Masters: and Safety Management Systems –, , –, –, ; and SMS manuals ; commitment to safety ; continuity of employment , , ; hours of work/rest –; qualifications –; requirements ; responsibility and authority , –, ; safety and environment protection –; standing orders , ; support for –; verification
- MCA see Maritime and Coastguard Agency
- medical certificates , –
- medical examination –
- mental health
- Merchant Shipping Act 1906
- Merchant Shipping and Fishing Vessels (Health and Safety at Work) Regulations 1997
- Merchant Shipping (ISM Code) Regulations 1998 ,
- Merchant Shipping (ISM Code) (Ro-Ro Passenger Ferries) Regulations 1997
- Merchant Shipping (Operations Book) Regulations 1988 , , ,
- MGNs see Marine Guidance Notes
- Minimum Safe Manning Document
- MLC see Maritime Labour Convention 2006
- MNCs see major non-conformities
- mobile offshore drilling units (MODUs) , ,
- moral dilemmas –
- multi-national crew ,
- Muncaster Castle ,
- Nancy
- Nautical Institute
- navigation –
- NCN see Non Conformity Note
- near-misses –; reporting , ,
- negative culture
- negligence , ,
- Nicholas H –
- NKK ,
- NLS tankers
- no-blame culture
- non-conformities , , –, , ; major (MNCs) , –, , , , , –, –, –, ; reporting and analysis , , , , –
- Non Conformity Note (NCN)
- non-governmental organizations (NGOs)
- observations , , ,
- OCIMF see Oil Companies International Marine Forum
- Oil Companies International Marine Forum (OCIMF) ,
- oil-majors ,
- oil tankers , , , , ; pollution from
- one-ship companies –
- open registers (ORs) , ,
- operational risks –; see also risks
- ORs see open registers
- overriding conditions
- package limitation
- Panama
- Passenger Safety Certificates
- passenger ships , , ,
- Patraikos II
- personal act or omission –,
- P&I Clubs ; accident and loss prevention guides ; as enforcers –; inspections and condition surveys ; medical assessments
- P&I insurance , ,
- pollution prevention –, , , –; see also marine pollution
- Port State Control (PSC) ; and
- compliance with the ISM Code ; as enforcer –; certification and implementation –; guidelines for –; inspections , –, , –, ; regional organisations ; standardisation of procedures –
- Port State Control Officers (PSCOs) –
- positive culture
- Principles of Minimum Safe Manning
- privity, concept of ; see also actual fault or privity
- property
- property damage –
- Protection/Protecting and Indemnity Association (P&I Clubs) ,
- PSC see Port State Control
- PSCOs see Port State Control Officers
- Rabaul Queen
- Reason, James , , , – recklessness , , ,
- Recognised Organisations (ROs) –; accountability of ; assignment of authority to –; certification –, –; definition ; external audits ; IACS Procedures and Guidelines –; legal status –; MARPOL ; minimum specifications for ; performance tables –; responsibility of ; SOLAS ; verifying compliance
- repairs –, , , ,
- reporting: accidents ; hazardous occurrences , ; near-misses , , ; non-conformities ,
- reporting culture
- resources and personnel: adequate understanding –; cost cutting ; drug and alcohol abuse –, ; employment and social rights ; familiarisation –; hours of work/rest –; language –; medical examinations –; MLC –; multi-national crew , ; recruitment and placement ; safe manning requirements , , ; Safety Management Systems –; SOLAS ; STCW 1978 –, , –; training , , –; working standards –
- reward schemes
- RINA –
- risk assessment –, –, –, ; tankers
- risk-based approach
- risk management , , , –
- risks –, –; operational –
- Ro-Ro passenger ferries , , ,
- ROs see Recognised Organisations
- Rotterdam Rules ,
- safe practices –
- Safety and Environmental Protection Policy –, , ,
- Safety Aspects of Ship Design and Technology
- safety culture , –, , , –,
- safety equipment
- Safety Management Certificate (SMC) , –; and DOCs –; and Masters ; and PSCOs –; forms of certificate ; interim –, , ; issuing , , , , ; requirements ; validity ; verification –, –; withdrawal , –
- Safety Management Manuals –, , ; document control of –; ready-made , ; reviewing
- Safety Management Systems (SMSs) , –; and competency of staff –; and interim DOCs –; and Masters –, –; and safety culture , ; auditable systems –; auditing and monitoring ; buy-in by Company personnel –, ; certification and periodical verification –, –; commitment from the top –, ; compliance with the ISM code , –, –; deficiencies in ; documented system ; evaluation ; guidelines –, –; inspections of ; instructions and procedures ; national requirements –; objectives –; Plan, Do, Check, Act model , , –; ready-made , ; requirements –, , –, –, –; review of –, –; risk assessment , ; safety and anti-pollution activities ; structure of –; tailor-made –
- salvage ,
- San Francisco Bay
- Scandinavian Star ,
- SDRs see Special Drawing Rights
- seafarers: buy-in into SMS –; competency of –; definition , ; labour standards –; nationality of –; requirements , ; training ; worldwide supply of ; see also crew; resources and personnel
- Seafarers International Research Centre (SIRC)
- seaworthiness , ; and due diligence , , , –, , ; and loss or damage ; and Masters ; and stowage of cargo –; knowledge of –; manning aspect ; under contracts of carriage –, –; warranty of –; within Hague–Visby Rules
- self-assessment
- self-enforcement
- self-incrimination ,
- self-monitoring
- self-regulation , , , , , ; of safety
- serious incidents
- ship management agreements
- ship managers –; and shipowners –; liabilities for the actions of the crew ; liabilities to owners –; obligations ; ship operators –
- shipboard operations –, –; and risk assessment ; functional requirements ; key –, , ; plans and instructions for –
- shipping companies see Companies
- Shipman ’98 –
- shipowners –; and ship managers –; liability of –; obligations
- Ship Security Officers (SSOs)
- shore management –
- short-sea trade
- SIRC see Seafarers International Research Centre
- SIRE Programme
- skill
- SMC see Safety Management Certificate
- SMS documentation –
- SMS Procedure Manuals ; see also Safety Management Manuals
- SMSs see Safety Management Systems
- SOLAS see International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea 1974
- sovereign immunity , ,
- Special Drawing Rights (SDRs)
- SSOs see Ship Security Officers
- standing orders ,
- Star Sea ,
- Statutory Certificates , –, ; see also Documents of Compliance (DOCs);
- statutory investigations
- STCW see International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers 1978
- STCW Code –, –, –,
- stowage –
- strandings
- Sundancer –
- Surveyor General’s Organisation
- surveys , , , , –,
- Swiss cheese model , , –,
- tacit acceptance
- Tanker Management Self-Assessment (TMSA)
- tanker risk assessment
- technical management , –
- THETIS database
- threefold mantra –, ,
- TMSA see Tanker Management Self-Assessment
- TMSA Programme –
- Torrey Canyon
- training , –, , , , , , –
- transparency –
- understanding –
- United Kingdom Mutual Steamship Assurance Association (Bermuda) Limited
- United Nations: maritime-related agencies ; see also International Labour Organization (ILO); International Maritime Organization (IMO)
- United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) ,
- United States –
- VDR see Voyage Data Recorder
- Vector
- verification –; Company , –, –, –; flag Administrations –; interim DOCs –; Masters ; Safety Management Certificates –, –; Safety Management System –,
- Vessel Traffic Service (VTS)
- Viking Islay
- voyage: domestic ; international ; planning ,
- Voyage Data Recorder (VDR)
- VTS see Vessel Traffic Service